Archive for June, 2008

Jun
30

The term alternative process refers to any non-silver based photographic printing process. Currently the standard photographic printing process is the silver-gelatin process.

Alternative processes are often called historical, or non-silver processes. Most of these processes were invented over 100 years ago and were used by early photographers.

Many contemporary photographers are revisiting alternative processes and […]

Jun
30

The Society for Historians of American Foreign Relations (SHAFR) is the leading learned society for the academic study of US foreign policy history. Founded in 1967, SHAFR is best known for two activities. First, the society’s journal, Diplomatic History, is generally thought of as the most prestigious journal in its field. Secondly, the society holds […]

Jun
29

Ran Zhi

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Ran Zhi (冉智) was a crown prince of the short-lived Chinese state Ran Wei. His father was the state’s only emperor, Ran Min.

Ran Zhi, as Ran Min’s oldest son, was created crown prince when he proclaimed the new state in 350 after overthrowing the Later Zhao emperor Shi Jian and declared himself emperor. […]

Jun
29

The fox, goose and bag of beans puzzle is a mental puzzle originating from an old riddle.

The story
Once upon a time a farmer went to market and purchased a fox, a goose, and a bag of beans. On his way home, the farmer came to the bank of a river and hired a boat. But […]

Jun
29

Witch ball

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A witch ball is a hollow sphere of plain or stained glass hung in cottage windows in 18th century England to ward off evil spirits, witch’s spells or ill fortune. Later, they were often posted on top of a vase or suspended by a cord (as from the mantelpiece or rafters) for a decorative effect. […]

Jun
28

Ozokerite

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Ozokerite or ozocerite (Gr. oze, stench, and kero, wax) is a naturally-occurring odoriferous mineral wax or paraffin found in many localities.

Sources
Specimens have been obtained from Scotland, Northumberland and Wales, as well as from about thirty different countries. Of these occurrences the ozokerite of the island (now peninsula) of Cheleken, near Turkmenbashi, and the deposits of […]

Jun
28

A swingnose crossing (moveable point frog in US usage) is a device used at a railway turnout to eliminate the gap at the common crossing (a.k.a. frog).

Fixed crossing
The fixed crossing can only be so fine an angle, say 1 in 20, before the wheels start to go the wrong way at the V […]

Jun
26

Glycoalkaloids are a family of poisons commonly found in the plant species Solanum dulcamara (nightshade).[1] There are several glycoalkaloids (alkaloids + sugars) that are potentially toxic. A prototypical glycoalkaloid is called solanine (sugar [solanose] + alkaloid [solanidine] = solanine), which is found in potatoes. The alkaloidal portion of the glycoalkaloid is also generically […]

Jun
26

The government of Peru, as established by the 1993 Constitution, is a presidential representative democratic republic.

Legislative branch

Executive branch

Judicial branch

Suffrage

Local governments

Jun
25

The Center for Auto Safety (CAS) was founded in 1970 by Consumers Union and Ralph Nader as a Washington, D.C.-based lobbying group focused on the United States automotive industry.

Accomplishments
CAS counts numerous far-reaching efforts among its successes:

“Lemon laws” enacted in all 50 states

State laws requiring auto manufacturers to disclose “hidden” warranties to […]

Jun
25

Ancient Egypt was divided into two regions, known as Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt. To the north was Lower Egypt where the Nile fanned out with its several mouths to form the Nile Delta. To the south was Upper Egypt, stretching to Syene. The two kingdoms of Upper and Lower Egypt were united c. 3100 […]

Jun
25

EBM

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EBM can be an acronym for:

Environmentally Biodegradable Materials, a kind of material that is biologically degradable in nature

Electronic body music, a music genre

Evidence-based medicine, an approach to medical research and practice

Extrusion blow molding, a manufacturing process

Evolving Body Mind, a martial arts system and philosophy

Electron Beam Melting, a solid freeform […]

Jun
25

Glazing agents, or polishing agents, are food additives providing shiny appearance or protective coating to foods. Mostly they are based on waxes.

Examples are:

Stearic acid (E570)

Beeswax (E901)

Candelilla wax (E902)

Carnauba wax (E903, used to provide shiny appearance to chocolate and many other foods)

Shellac (E904)

Microcrystalline wax (E905c), Crystalline wax (E907)

Lanolin (E913)

[…]

Jun
25

Zhajiang mian (lit. “fried sauce noodles”) is a northern Chinese dish consisting of thick wheat noodles topped with a mixture of ground pork stir-fried with fermented soybean paste.

In Beijing cuisine, yellow soybean paste (黄酱; pinyin: huángjiàng) is used, while in Tianjin and other parts of China sweet noodle sauce (甜面酱; pinyin: tiánmiànjiàng), hoisin sauce […]

Jun
25

The Burning World is a 1964 science fiction novel by British author J. G. Ballard. An expanded version, retitled The Drought, was first published in 1965 by Jonathan Cape.

Plot introduction
In contrast to Ballard’s earlier novel The Drowned World, The Burning World describes a world in which water is scarce. After an extensive drought, […]

Jun
25

Dayu

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Dayu may mean:

Yu the Great, a legendary Chinese monarch of the Xia Dynasty. Colloquially referred to as Da yu, he is known for teaching flood control techniques to Han Chinese.

Yu, a Goa’uld System Lord in the TV show Stargate SG-1. He is speculated to be a reference to either Yu the Great or the […]

Jun
24

Pot Rice

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Originally manufactured by Golden Wonder, Pot Rice could be considered a close cousin of Pot Noodle. A dish dreamt up by Alex ‘Wookie’ Laker, first available in the early 1980s and discontinued in the early 2000s, Pot Rice was an instant convenience food, made from dehydrated rice, soya protein, vegetables, and flavourings, sold in a […]

Jun
24

Diesis

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This article is about the musical interval. For the use of diesis in typography, see Dagger (typography).

A diesis is a musical interval, usually meaning the difference between three justly tuned major thirds (tuned in the frequency ratio ) and an octave (in the ratio 2:1), equal to 128:125 or about 41.06 cents. In 1/4 comma […]

Jun
23

Hesperoyucca is a small genus of three species of flowering plants in the family Agavaceae, closely related to and recently split from Yucca, but distinct in having dehiscent fruit and a scape more than 2.5 cm diameter with reflexed (not erect) bracts. It is also distinct in DNA analysis. The genus is native to Mexico […]

Jun
23

Events

The National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission is set up under the Consumer Protection Act of 1986.

Births

April 13 - Sachit Sethi, Indian Entrepreneur

September 9 - Sana Saeed, actress

December 24 - Piyush Chawla, cricketer

Deaths

August 12 - Bhakti Raksaka Sridhara Deva Gosvami Maharaja, spiritual leader

Jun
22

Swad

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Swad is a food distributor that is known mostly for its distribution of Indian food products. The major distributor of Swad products in the United States of America is Raja Foods.

External links

Raja foods, the main distributor of Swad Products in the US

Jun
21

The Constitution Act is the name of several actions, notably:

Several laws in the Constitution of Canada, such as,

The Constitutional Act of 1791

The Constitution Act, 1867 (formerly called the British North America Act, 1867)

The Constitution Act, 1982

Some laws in the Constitution of New Zealand:

New Zealand Constitution Act 1852

Constitution Act 1986

Constitution (Amendment No. 27) Act 1936

Niue Constitution […]

Jun
21

A pipeline inspection gauge or pig in the pipeline industry is a tool that is sent down a pipeline and propelled by the pressure of the product in the pipeline itself. It is the chief device used in pigging.

There are four main uses for pigs:

physical separation between different liquids being transported in pipelines;

internal […]

Jun
21

Canister shot was a kind of anti-personnel ammunition used in cannons. It was similar to grape shot. It saw particularly heavy usage in the 19th Century in various wars.

Canister shot consisted of a closed cylindrical metal canister typically filled with round lead or iron balls, normally packed with sawdust to add more solidity to […]

Jun
20

Bunkobon

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In Japan, bunkobon (文庫本) are small-format paperback books, designed to be affordable and portable.

The great majority of bunkobon are A6 in size. They are sometimes illustrated, and (like other Japanese paperbacks) usually have a dust wrapper over a plain cover.

They are used for similar purposes as Western mass market paperbacks: for cheaper editions of books […]

Jun
20

The Smug E.P. was the third album (actually an E.P.) from Irish alternative band Toasted Heretic.

Track listing

Don’t You Wish You Were Good?

They Didn’t Teach Music in My SchooL

Sun Says Hi

Let’s Get Drunk

Jun
20

Focal point

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A focal point may mean:

Focus (optics), the point at which initially collimated rays of light meet after passing through a convex lens, or reflecting off of a concave mirror.

In mathematics:

Focus (geometry), a special point used in describing conic sections.

Focal point is a critical point of a distance function.

In an antenna […]

Jun
19

Billie Mae Richards (1921- ) is a Canadian voice actress best known for playing Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer in the 1964 television special, and Tenderheart Bear in the first two Care Bears movies.

Richards has been disappointed with her involvement in the Rudolph special. Despite the fact that Canadian actors at the time of its premiere […]

Jun
19

In mathematics, in particular topology, a topological space X is called semi-locally simply connected if every point x in X has a neighborhood U such that the homomorphism from the fundamental group of U to the fundamental group of X, induced by the inclusion map of U into X, is trivial. That is, every […]

Jun
18

The alternative press consists of printed publications that provide a different or dissident viewpoint than that provided by major mainstream and corporate newspapers, magazines, and other print media. As long as there have been mass media there have been alternative media, and the alternative press is a subset of them.

The alternative press often engages in […]

Jun
18

Standard Architecture for Universal Comment Extensions or SAUCE, as it is most commonly known, is an open metadata protocol for tagging and describing ASCII text files and other files, most of which generally center around or date back to the era of BBSing. SAUCE is very similar in nature to the MP3 ID3 tag […]

Jun
17

Liliana Berry Davis Mumy (born April 16, 1994) is an American child actress and voice talent.

The daughter of former child star Bill Mumy and sister of child actor Seth Mumy, Mumy has appeared in several motion pictures. Her most recent and notable film appearances are in Cheaper by the Dozen, Cheaper by the […]

Jun
16

Ryan Richards is the drummer of the Welsh post-hardcore band Funeral for a Friend, as well as previously for the band Hondo Maclean. Ryan also does screaming backing vocals in the band, but recently the band has decided to stop using such vocals, with only one song featuring screaming on Hours and none on their […]

Jun
14

The Equal Opportunity program in the Canadian province of New Brunswick was created to ensure equal services would be provided to citizens in all parts of the province regardless of the wealth in the area.

Prior to the implementation of this program, New Brunswick’s health and education systems were governed and funded by county governments. […]

Jun
14

Tridecane

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Tridecane is an alkane hydrocarbon with the chemical formula CH3(CH2)11CH3. It is a light, combustible colourless liquid that is used in the manufacture of paraffin products, the paper processing industry, in jet fuel research and in the rubber industry; furthermore, tridecane is used as a solvent and distillation chaser. n-tridecane is also one of the […]

Jun
14

GC was a short-lived, purple, anthropomorphic cat puppet, created by Televisa’s Canal 5 channel as a sidekick (and possible replacement) of the aging Tio Gamboin. The name GC comes from the channel’s call sign XHGC, which was given to the station honoring Gillermo González Camarena, the Mexican inventor of an early color television transmission system. […]

Jun
14

Hot Wax Records was a Detroit, Michigan-based record label, created by Eddie Holland, Jr., Lamont Dozier and Brian Holland in 1968 when they left Motown Records. Hot Wax Records recorded female vocal groups such as The Honey Cone and The Flaming Ember, as well as soul singers like rhythm and blues artist, Freda Payne. Their […]

Jun
14

Paraffin

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Paraffin is a common name for a group of alkane hydrocarbons with the general formula CnH2n+2, where n is the number of carbon atoms. The simplest paraffin molecule is that of methane, CH4, a gas at room temperature. Heavier members of the series, such as that of octane C8H18, appear as liquids at […]

Jun
14

Welfare Cadillac is a political phrase used in the United States for an anecdote intended to illustrate a case of a person or group receiving public benefits where the benefits are not actually needed by the recipient or are obtained by fraud.

The imagery is of a person arriving at a welfare office in a Cadillac […]

Jun
14

A soy milk maker is a small kitchen appliance which automatically cooks soy milk, a non-dairy beverage made from soy beans. Some soy milk makers can also be programmed to make almond milk and other vegetable-based beverages.

Home-made soy milk is usually at most one third as expensive as store bought soy milk—approximately $0.20 per quart. […]

Jun
13

Litigarchy

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Wikipedia does not currently have an encyclopedia article for ‘.

You may like to search Wiktionary for “[[Wiktionary:Special:Search/|]]” instead.

To begin an article here, feel free to [ edit this page], but please do not create a mere dictionary definition.

Jun
11

Penne

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Penne (IPA UK: [’pɛni], US: [’pɛneɪ]) is a type of pasta. Pieces have a cylindrical shape and, usually, their ends are cut diagonally. Penne is the plural form of the Italian penna, deriving from Latin penna (meaning “feather” or “quill”).

In Italy, penne are produced in two variants: “penne lisce” (smooth) and “penne rigate” (furrowed), the […]

Jun
11

Chicken Selects, sold at McDonald’s in the United States and Canada, are chicken strips similar to Chicken McNuggets. They were introduced in early 2002 for a limited time and offered again in late 2003. In the UK, they were launched on the “Pound Saver Menu”, which offers various menu items for £0.99. They are available […]

Jun
11

Much One Hit Wonders is a CD released by Canadian company MuchMusic.

Information
This 2-disc compilation album is a collection of one hit wonders.

Track listing

Groove Is In The Heart

Jump Around

Rapper’s Delight

Ice Ice Baby

Bust A Move

Good Vibrations

I’m Too Sexy

Hot Hot Hot

Who Let The Dogs Out

[…]

Jun
11

Carnauba is a wax derived from the leaves of a plant native to northeastern Brazil, the carnauba palm (Copernicia prunifera). It is known as “queen of waxes” and usually comes in the form of hard yellow-brown flakes. It is obtained from the leaves of the carnauba palm by collecting them, beating them to loosen the […]

Jun
10

The art and science of food photography is a specialisation in general commercial photography. Food and Drink Photography is one of the most challenging aspects of still life work.

The main areas of food photography are: Editorial for Magazine and Books on food including but not limited to cook books, advertising and packaging design1.

The near perfection, […]

Jun
10

Japan wax

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Japan wax is a pale-yellow, waxy, water-insoluble solid with a gummy feel, obtained from the berries of certain sumacs native to Japan and China, such as Rhus verniciflua (Japanese sumac tree) and R. succedanea (Japanese wax tree).

Japan wax is a byproduct of lacquer manufacture. It is not a true wax but a fat that contains […]

Jun
09

Nova akropola (New acropolis in Slovene) was the second album by Laibach. It was released in 1985.

Track listing

“Vier Personen” (Jan Novak) – 5:26

“Nova akropola” (Jan Novak/Fras Milan/Dejan Knez) – 6:55

“Krvava gruda-Plodna zemlja” (Jan Novak/Fras Milan/Dejan Knez) – 4:07

“Vojna poema” (Jan Novak) – 3:12

“Ti, ki izzivaš (Outro)” (Novak) – 1:20

“Die […]

Jun
09

CCGS Limnos

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The CCGV Limnos is a Canadian Coast Guard Coastal Research & Survey vessel.

She has served on joint missions, on the Great Lakes with vessels from the United States Environmental Protection Agency.

References

Official Limnos web-page, Canadian Coast Guard

Great Lakes: Significant Activities Report: October-December 2004, Environmental Protection Agency

Jun
08

The Dornier Do 23 was a 1930’s German bomber. It was the designation given to the aircraft resulting from a redesign of the Dornier Do 11 after a failed attempt resulting in the Do 13. The Do 23 finally corrected many of the faults that had plagued the earlier designs but remained of mediocre performance. […]

Jun
08

In mathematics, Bôcher’s theorem, named after Maxime Bôcher, states that the finite zeros of the derivative <math> r’(z) </math> of a nonconstant rational function <math> r(z) </math> that are not multiple zeros are also the positions of equilibrium in the field of force due to particles of positive mass at the zeros of <math> r(z) […]

Jun
07

Ammonium acetate is a chemical compound with the formula NH4C2H3O2. It is a white solid, which can be derived from the reaction of ammonia and acetic acid. It is available commercially, and depending on grade, can be rather inexpensive.

Uses and distinctive properties
As the salt of a weak acid and a weak base, ammonium acetate […]

Jun
07

Hithane

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Hithane is a mixture of hydrogen and methane usable as an alternative fuel. Burning hithane produces about a third less carbon dioxide than burning gasoline (petrol), so it is proposed as an intermediate step in the transition to hydrogen-powered vehicles.

External links

BBC News article on potential hithane production in Wales

Jun
06

The Captain’s Chest was originally a lockable box belonging to the captain of a ship where important ship’s equipment (maps, astrolabes and secret orders) could be stored along with his personal effects. In modern usage, it is often a slang term for the safe on a ship or submarine.

History
The necessity of […]

Jun
06

A one-electron reduction in organic chemistry involves the transfer of an electron from a metal to an organic substrate. It serves to differentiate between true organic reductions and other reductions such as hydride transfer reactions that actually involve two-electron species.

The first intermediate in a one-electron reduction is often a radical anion which then engages in […]

Jun
04

In theoretical physics, Whitehead’s theory of gravitation was introduced by the distinguished mathematician and philosopher Alfred North Whitehead in 1922.

Principal features of the theory
Whitehead’s theory is said to feature a prior geometry. It has the curious feature that electromagnetic waves propagate along null geodesics of the physical spacetime (as defined by the metric determined […]

Jun
03

Big Dumb Boosters (BDB) are a general class of launch vehicle built around the idea that it is cheaper to mass build and operate a large, strong, heavy rocket of simple design than it is to build a few smaller, lighter, more cleverly-designed ones. Even though the large booster is less efficient for an […]

Jun
03

Diamond was, according to legend, Sir Isaac Newton’s favorite dog, which, by upsetting a candle, set fire to manuscripts containing his notes on experiments conducted over the course of twenty years. According to one account, Newton is said to have exclaimed: “O Diamond, Diamond, thou little knowest the mischief thou hast done.”Alfred Rupert Hall, Isaac […]

Jun
03

Return of Wax is an album by The Upsetters, released in 1975.

Track listing

Side one

“Last Blood”

“Deathly Hands”

“Kung Fu Warrior”

“Dragon Slayer”

“Judgement Day”

Side two

“One Armed Boxes”

“Big Boss”

“Fists of Vengeance”

“Samurai Swordsman”

“Final Weapon”

Jun
03

A sanctuary lamp, altar lamp, or eternal flame is a light that shines before the altar of sanctuaries in many denominations of Jewish and Christian places of worship.Ask the Pastor: Sanctuary Lamps Prescribed in Exodus 27:20-22 of the Hebrew Bible, this icon has taken on different meanings in each of the religions that have […]

Jun
03

A parliamentary assembly is part of many international organizations. Examples include:

European Parliamentary Assembly (now the European Parliament)

NATO Parliamentary Assembly (NATO-PA)

Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE)

Parliamentary Assembly of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe

United Nations Parliamentary Assembly (UNPA) (proposed)

There is also a much called for but not yet achieved parliamentary assembly of […]

Jun
03

The Wirth-Weber relationship between a pair of symbols <math>(V_t \cup V_n)</math> is necessary to dwetermine if a formal grammar is a Simple precedence grammar, and in such case the Simple precedence parser can be used.

The goal is to identify the when the viable prefixes have the pivot and must be reduced. A <math>\gtrdot</math> means that […]

Jun
03

The Commodore Amiga 3000UX is a model of the Amiga computer family that was released with Amiga Unix, a full port of AT&T Unix System V Release 4 (SVR4), installed along with AmigaOS. The system was otherwise equivalent to the standard A3000, once the Right-Mouse-Button initiated a boot to KickStart (Amiga’s BIOS).

At one point, Sun […]

Jun
02

Wikipedia does not currently have an encyclopedia article for ‘.
You may like to search Wiktionary for “[[Wiktionary:Special:Search/|]]” instead.

To begin an article here, feel free to [ edit this page], but please do not create a mere dictionary definition.